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| − | '''Section title: Energy''' | + | '''Section Title: Energy''' |
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| − | '''Section subtitle: Energy for a safe climate and a cleaner world''' | + | '''Section Subtitle: Energy for a safe climate and a cleaner world''' |
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| − | '''Our position: Greens want our nation to shift decisively away from fossil fuels and nuclear power towards conservation, efficiency and clean renewable energy sources. ''' | + | '''Our position: Greens support a rapid shift to an energy system based on wind, solar and geo-thermal power.''' |
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| | + | Cheap fossil fuels have led our nation to build an energy infrastructure that is designed for, and utterly dependent on, the illusion of plentiful oil, coal, and natural gas. We have built cars and trucks and an extensive network of highways. We have built passenger aircraft that are swift and safe, and airports in practically all our cities. Our shopping malls have become filled with products imported from around the world. |
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| − | Our energy use and abuse is at the core of many environmental and even social problems. With less than 5% of the world’s population, the U.S. consumes 22% of the world’s energy resources. U.S. dependence on oil and gas has generated an unparalleled assault on the global environment and human rights in many nations.
| + | We have configured our food system to take advantage of fossil fuels by mechanizing production, by using petrochemicals to fertilize crops and kill weeds and pests – and then by transporting food ever further distances to giant supermarkets accessed by private automobile. |
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| − | The regional and global peaks in oil, gas, coal and uranium production are driving up costs of conventional fuels, threatening wars and social chaos if we cannot move beyond the dirty fuels immediately and invest in only the cleanest, most sustainable energy strategies.
| + | We heat most of our homes with fossil fuels, and we have designed our homes around automobiles, setting aside a large portion of interior space for garages. We have built countless neighborhoods through which and to which no one is expected to travel by any mode other than by car. We define the functionality of our cities by the highways that connect their neighborhoods and suburbs. We have built an electric grid system to supply power that depends on fossil fuels for two-thirds of its energy. |
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| − | We support state efforts to regain control over electricity by establishing democratic, public control systems to locally coordinate supply and demand and by eliminating energy trading. Consumers deserve full disclosure of the specific electric generating facilities used to produce their electricity. We support net-metering to make decentralized energy production economically viable.
| + | In short, we have become systemically dependent on cheap fossil fuels. |
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| − | Energy management must be governed by the principle of conservation, efficiency, and clean renewables. Of highest importance is to use less, then to use wisely, and to have clean production of what is used. We advocate strong public policies to widely deploy conservation, efficiency, and clean renewable energy technologies. Examples include tax credits, renewable portfolio standards, research programs, loans and grants. Existing policies that currently benefit nuclear power, combustion technologies (including technologies that produce burnable fuels) or large hydroelectric dams should be eliminated and reallocated to conservation, efficiency, wind and solar power.
| + | However, burning fossil fuel releases enormous quantities of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere that are changing the global climate. If we are to avoid catastrophic climate change, we must begin reducing fossil carbon dioxide emissions immediately, and bring them virtually to zero before mid-century. |
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| − | '''Green Solutions''' | + | We must reduce our overall energy consumption, and restructure our economy to run primarily on renewable energy sources, such as wind, solar, and advanced geothermal. Renewables can power our society indefinitely. They are the only long-term answer to our nation’s and the world’s energy problems. |
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| | + | '''GREEN SOLUTIONS''' |
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| | + | '''Increase conservation, reduce energy consumption by at least 40% from 1990 levels by 2020''' |
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| − | '''Conservation and Efficiency'''
| + | 1. Increase national energy efficiency standards for products and services, including the average fuel efficiency of automobiles. |
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| − | 1. Extensive energy conservation efforts, with a goal of reducing energy consumption by 50% by 2030. (Review amount and time goal)
| + | 2. Establish and strengthen green building codes and guidelines for new construction. |
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| − | 2. Decentralization of electric grids by promoting energy efficiency and localized clean renewable energy.
| + | 3. Retrofit existing buildings for increased energy efficiency. |
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| − | 3. Tax-exempt bonds should be authorized to finance public ownership of utilities and to allow publicly owned utilities to finance conservation, energy efficiency, and renewable energy projects.
| + | 4. Enact a carbon tax to increase energy conservation and efficiency and to internalize the true environmental cost of burning carbon-based fules |
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| − | 4. Smart energy utility regulation for generation, transmission and distribution, not deregulation.
| + | '''Swiftly transition to safe and clean energy''' |
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| − | Building codes for new construction that incorporate the best available energy conservation designs. New construction should be required to use proven passive solar methods to achieve substantial portions of its heating energy from the sun. For existing homes and buildings, we support programs to aid in their weatherization and increased energy efficiency.
| + | 1. Move decisively to solar, wind, geo-thermal, marine and other cleaner renewable energy sources. |
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| | + | 2. Increase funding for research and development of new energy storage technologies, cheaper and non-toxic photovoltaic materials and processes, and geothermal and ocean power technologies. |
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| − | '''Clean Renewables'''
| + | 3. Retrofit existing buildings to become distributed generation sources of renewable energy. |
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| − | 1. We call for a Manhattan Project-level of commitment to developing clean renewable energy technologies – technologies that do not create pollution in the course of generating electricity. These can include wind, solar (including solar thermal and concentrating solar), ocean power, geothermal, and small-scale hydro. Since even clean renewable energy can have negative environmental impacts, care must be taken to minimize such impacts. Clean renewable energy does not include nuclear power, any sort of combustion or process in which by-products are ultimately combusted, or hydroelectric dams that block entire rivers.
| + | '''End the use of dirty and dangerous energy sources''' |
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| − | 2. Federal commitment to the mass-production of cheap, non-toxic solar photovoltaic technology to enable widespread deployment of solar power. To make solar more cost-competitive, we support large-scale government purchases of solar cells for installation on government facilities.
| + | 1. Phase out all nuclear power plants. Enact a moratorium on the construction of new nuclear power plants. Terminate corporate welfare and other subsidies, bailouts and liability limitations for nuclear power. |
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| − | 3. We support efforts of individuals and institutions to voluntarily purchase wind and solar power products through tradable renewable energy certificates. However, there are limits to the volunteer, market-based approach to promoting clean energy. Just as we cannot expect that individual purchases of organic food will cause all food production to become organic, we cannot expect that voluntary approaches will be sufficient to fully replace current energy supplies with clean energy.
| + | 2. Phase out non-medical technologies that use or produce nuclear waste, such as nuclear waste incinerators, food irradiators, and all commercial and military uses of depleted uranium. |
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| − | We support further research to identify more safe, clean renewables. We recognize that biofuels are limited in potential and require very damaging production systems that cannot be done in a large scale without causing dire environmental harm.
| + | 3. Phase out all coal power plants. Ban mountaintop removal coal mining. |
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| − | We support further research into energy storage strategies, so that the use of hydrogen as an energy storage medium – or a more viable alternative – can, make it possible to operate a decentralized grid on intermittent energy generation methods, such as solar and wind. If fuel cells turn out to be the best option to efficiently distribute electricity as needed, they should be powered using hydrogen sourced from water and separated by electrolysis with power provided by clean, renewable energy technologies. We oppose the use of nuclear technologies or carbon-based feedstocks for hydrogen production.
| + | 4. Oppose the development of fuels produced by polluting, energy-intensive processes or from unsustainable or toxic feedstocks, such as genetically-engineered crops, or coal or waste streams contaminated with persistent toxins. |
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| − | We oppose the development of environmentally-destructive “alternative” fuels produced with polluting, energy-intensive processes or from unsustainable or toxic feedstocks, such as genetically-engineered crops, coal, or waste streams contaminated with persistent toxins. This includes especially ethanol derived from corn, cellulosic ethanol and nearly all biodiesel. Biofuels should be used only where no combustion-free technologies are an option.
| + | '''Localize''' |
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| − | We oppose further oil and gas drilling or exploration.
| + | 1. Implement community-scale, distributed generation of renewable energy. Support incentives for small-scale, local, low-input producers. |
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| − | '''NO NUCLEAR POWER'''
| + | 2. Support public power. Provide public investment capital for decentralized municipal power systems. |
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| − | 1. Close all nuclear power reactors by 2015.
| + | 3. Oppose deregulation of the electric industry. |
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| − | 2. Phase out technologies that use or produce nuclear waste, including non-commercial nuclear reactors, reprocessing facilities, nuclear waste incinerators, food irradiators, and all commercial and military uses of depleted uranium.
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| − | 3. Ban the development and use of new nuclear reactors, plutonium (MOX) fuel, nuclear fuel reprocessing, uranium enrichment, and the manufacturing of new plutonium pits for a new generation of nuclear weapons. | |
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| − | 4. No public subsidies or bailouts for the nuclear power industry.
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| − | 5. Safe, secure, above ground storage for existing nuclear waste. We do not support exporting wastes to other nations.
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| − | 6. Strict regulation of radioactive materials and wastes and prohibiting such wastes to be recycled into consumer products and to enter municipal waste landfills and incinerators.
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| − | 7. Close, clean up and remediate at national labs devoted to nuclear energy and weapons development and operations at the Department of Energy's nuclear production sites.
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| − | 8. A military clean up of depleted uranium contamination from testing ranges and battlefields, and full compensation exposed veterans and civilians who have been affected by depleted uranium exposure.
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| − | 9. Independent, transparent radiation monitoring at all nuclear facilities.
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| − | '''2004 PLATFORM ON ENERGY'''
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| − | Our energy use and abuse is at the core of many environmental and even social problems. With less than 5% of the world’s population, the U.S. consumes more than 25% of the world’s oil, gas and electricity. Major damage to land, air and water around the world has resulted from such industries as mining, drilling, transportation, pipelines, and generation of toxic and radioactive wastes. Our oil and gas addiction in particular has led to wars and human rights abuses in many countries.
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| − | We advocate strong energy policies at all levels of government to shift decisively away from polluting energy systems towards reduced energy use and clean energy sources.
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| − | We oppose energy utility deregulation. We support strong protections for electricity and natural gas consumers. These protections can only occur in a locally-controlled, fully regulated energy system that directly links generation with transmission and distribution. We recognize that deregulation and its reliance on markets – as opposed to state-based regulations – is incapable of providing affordable, reliable and clean energy. We support state efforts to regain control over electricity by establishing democratic, public control systems to locally coordinate supply and demand and by eliminating energy trading. Consumers deserve full disclosure of the specific electric generating facilities used to produce their electricity. We support net-metering to make decentralized energy production economically viable.
| |
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| − | Energy management must be governed by the principle of conservation, efficiency, and clean renewables. Of highest importance is to use less, then to use wisely, and to have clean production of what is used. We advocate strong public policies to widely deploy conservation, efficiency, and clean renewable energy technologies. Examples include tax credits, renewable portfolio standards, research programs, loans and grants. Existing policies that currently benefit nuclear power, combustion technologies or large hydroelectric dams should be eliminated and reallocated to conservation, efficiency, wind and solar power.
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| − | Conservation and Efficiency
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| − | 1. Extensive conservation measures will bring huge resource savings for both the economy and the environment. Europe already consumes less than half of the electricity consumed per capita in the U.S. We call for extensive energy conservation efforts, with a goal of reducing energy consumption by 50% in 20 years.
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| − | 2. We support efforts to decentralize regional electric grids by promoting energy efficiency and localized clean renewable energy. Tax-exempt bonds should be authorized to finance public ownership of utilities and to allow publicly owned utilities to finance conservation, energy efficiency, and renewable energy projects.
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| − | Clean Renewables
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| − | 3. The U.S. is blessed with tremendous renewable energy potential, enough to meet the entire electric demand of the country. We call for a Manhattan Project-level of commitment to developing clean renewable energy technologies – technologies that do not create pollution in the course of generating electricity. These can include wind, solar, ocean power, geothermal, and small-scale hydro. Since even clean renewable energy can have negative environmental impacts, care must be taken to minimize such impacts. Clean renewable energy does not include nuclear power, any sort of combustion or process in which by-products are ultimately combusted, or hydroelectric dams that block entire rivers.
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| − | 4. The Green Party calls for federal commitment to the mass-production of cheap, non-toxic solar photovoltaic technology to enable widespread deployment of solar power. To make solar more cost-competitive, we support large-scale government purchases of solar cells for installation on government facilities.
| |
| − | | |
| − | 5. We support efforts of individuals and institutions to voluntarily purchase wind and solar power products through tradable renewable energy certificates. However, there are limits to the volunteer, market-based approach to promoting clean energy. Just as we cannot expect that individual purchases of organic food will cause all food production to become organic, we cannot expect that voluntary approaches will be sufficient to fully replace current energy supplies with clean energy, since only a tiny percentage of the energy supply can be affected by a volunteer purchasing approach.
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| − | Fuels for Transportation and Heating
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| − | 6. Oil and gas are the primary fuels used for transportation and heating. U.S. dependence on oil and gas has driven an unparalleled assault on the global environment and on human rights in many nations. We call for major reductions in fuel consumption as we prepare for a fuel system based on clean hydrogen production and the use of fuel cells.
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| − | 7. We support the use of hydrogen as an energy storage medium, which makes it possible to operate a decentralized grid on intermittent energy generation methods, such as solar and wind. Fuel cells (using hydrogen sourced from water and separated by electrolysis with power provided by clean, renewable energy technologies) should be used to efficiently distribute electricity as needed. We oppose the use of nuclear technologies or carbon-based feedstocks for hydrogen production.
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| − | 8. We oppose the development of environmentally-destructive “alternative” fuels produced from unsustainable or toxic feedstocks, such as genetically-engineered crops, coal, or waste streams contaminated with persistent toxins.
| |
| − | | |
| − | 9. With regard to heating fuels, we support building codes for new construction that incorporate the best available energy conservation designs. New construction should be required to achieve substantial portions of its heating energy from the sun. For existing homes and buildings, we support programs to aid in their weatherization and increased energy efficiency.
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| − | 10. We oppose further oil and gas drilling or exploration on our nation’s outer continental shelf, on our public lands, in the Rocky Mountains, and under the Great Lakes.
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Cheap fossil fuels have led our nation to build an energy infrastructure that is designed for, and utterly dependent on, the illusion of plentiful oil, coal, and natural gas. We have built cars and trucks and an extensive network of highways. We have built passenger aircraft that are swift and safe, and airports in practically all our cities. Our shopping malls have become filled with products imported from around the world.
We have configured our food system to take advantage of fossil fuels by mechanizing production, by using petrochemicals to fertilize crops and kill weeds and pests – and then by transporting food ever further distances to giant supermarkets accessed by private automobile.
We heat most of our homes with fossil fuels, and we have designed our homes around automobiles, setting aside a large portion of interior space for garages. We have built countless neighborhoods through which and to which no one is expected to travel by any mode other than by car. We define the functionality of our cities by the highways that connect their neighborhoods and suburbs. We have built an electric grid system to supply power that depends on fossil fuels for two-thirds of its energy.
However, burning fossil fuel releases enormous quantities of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere that are changing the global climate. If we are to avoid catastrophic climate change, we must begin reducing fossil carbon dioxide emissions immediately, and bring them virtually to zero before mid-century.
We must reduce our overall energy consumption, and restructure our economy to run primarily on renewable energy sources, such as wind, solar, and advanced geothermal. Renewables can power our society indefinitely. They are the only long-term answer to our nation’s and the world’s energy problems.
1. Increase national energy efficiency standards for products and services, including the average fuel efficiency of automobiles.
2. Establish and strengthen green building codes and guidelines for new construction.
3. Retrofit existing buildings for increased energy efficiency.
4. Enact a carbon tax to increase energy conservation and efficiency and to internalize the true environmental cost of burning carbon-based fules
1. Move decisively to solar, wind, geo-thermal, marine and other cleaner renewable energy sources.
2. Increase funding for research and development of new energy storage technologies, cheaper and non-toxic photovoltaic materials and processes, and geothermal and ocean power technologies.
3. Retrofit existing buildings to become distributed generation sources of renewable energy.
1. Phase out all nuclear power plants. Enact a moratorium on the construction of new nuclear power plants. Terminate corporate welfare and other subsidies, bailouts and liability limitations for nuclear power.
2. Phase out non-medical technologies that use or produce nuclear waste, such as nuclear waste incinerators, food irradiators, and all commercial and military uses of depleted uranium.
3. Phase out all coal power plants. Ban mountaintop removal coal mining.
4. Oppose the development of fuels produced by polluting, energy-intensive processes or from unsustainable or toxic feedstocks, such as genetically-engineered crops, or coal or waste streams contaminated with persistent toxins.
1. Implement community-scale, distributed generation of renewable energy. Support incentives for small-scale, local, low-input producers.
2. Support public power. Provide public investment capital for decentralized municipal power systems.
3. Oppose deregulation of the electric industry.
